CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Motivation
1.2 Technical Background
1.3 Objectives of the Ph.D. Project
1.4 State of the Art in Science and Technology
CHAPTER 2 FUNDAMENTALS OF CYBERSECURITY AND ELECTRICAL CONTROL AND PROTECTION CONCEPTS
2.1 Electrical Power System
2.2 Electrical Protection System
2.3 Cyber-Physical System
2.4 Industrial Control System
2.5 Safety I&C and Operational I&C Systems
2.6 Safety Objective Oriented Top-Down Approach
2.7 Cybersecurity Concept
2.8 Threat Identification and Characterization in NPP
2.8.1 Design Basis Threat
2.8.2 Attacker Profile
2.8.1 Reported Real-Life NPP Cyber-Attack Examples
2.9 Security Levels
2.10 Summary
CHAPTER 3 CYBER-PHYSICAL PROCESS MODELING
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Single Line Diagrams of Different Operational Modes
3.3 Design
3.4 Block Diagram of Simulink Model
3.5 Implementation of Simulink Blocks
3.5.1 Power Generation
3.5.2 Grid Feed
3.5.3 House Load (Feed Water Pump)
3.6 OPC UA Communication
3.7 Summary
CHAPTER 4 CYBER THREAT SCENARIOS FOR EPS
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Cyber-Physical System for EPS
4.3 Cyber Threats and Threat Sources
4.3.1 Cyber Threats
4.3.2 Threat Sources
4.4 Cybersecurity Vulnerabilities
4.4.1 Vulnerabilities in EPS
4.4.2 Vulnerabilities in ICS
4.5 Attacker Modeling
4.6 Basic Cyber Threat Scenarios for EPS
4.6.1 Scenario-1: Physical Access to Electrical Cabinets
4.6.2 Scenario-2: Modification of Digital Protection Devices
4.7 Potential Advanced Cyber Threat Scenarios for EPS
4.7.1 Scenario-1: Alteration of a Set-point of the Protection Relay
4.7.2 Scenario-2: Injection of Malicious Packets
4.7.3 Scenario-3: False Trip Command
4.7.4 Scenario-4: Availability Attack on Protection Relay or SCADA System
4.7.5 Scenario-5: Permanent Damage to Physical Component
4.7.6 Scenario-6: Protocol-wise Attack on Operator Panel
4.8 Threat Scenario for Simulink model
4.9 Summary
CHAPTER 5 EPS TESTBED DESCRIPTION
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Basic Industrial Automation Architecture
5.3 Need for Testbeds
5.4 Proposed EPS Testbed
5.4.1 Testbed Architecture
5.4.2 Testbed Implementation
5.5 EPS Physical Testbed Applications
5.5.1 Modeling and Simulation of Power System Faults
5.5.2 Modeling of Cyber-Attacks
5.6 Summary
CHAPTER 6 EXPERIMENTAL AND IMPACT ANALYSIS OF CYBER THREAT SCENARIOS
6.1 Outline
6.2 Normal Operation and Control
6.3 Possibilities to Cause Failure in the Primary or Secondary Cooling Systems
6.4 Implementation of Cybersecurity Threat Scenarios
6.4.1 Alteration of a Relay Set-Point during Plant Start-Up Phase
6.4.2 Alteration of a Controller Set-Point during Normal Operation Phase
6.4.3 Availability Attack on Control and Protection System
6.4.4 Severe Damage to a Physical Component due to Overcurrent
6.5 Experimentally Assessed Cyber-attacks
6.6 Summary
CHAPTER 7 SUMMARY AND OUTLOOK
REFERENCES
SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS
GLOSSARY