Contents
1 Introduction 
1.1 Rationale of the research 
1.2 Outline of the dissertation 
2 Indigenous territories: essentials for their study 
2.1 The colonial inheritance 
2.1.1 The early years and the disruption of territoriality
2.1.2 Republics and the enthronement of private property 
2.2 Current state of indigenous territories in Colombia
2.2.1 Indigenous territorial rights in Colombia 
2.2.2 The spatial relevance of indigenous territories 
3 Literature review 
3.1 Indigenous territories 
3.1.1 The rights approach 
3.1.2 Boundary-making and indigenous territories
3.2 Environmental sustainability and indigenous territorial autonomy 
3.2.1 Subnational arrangements, self-government and autonomy 
3.2.2 Indigenous territorial autonomy 
3.2.3 The concept of environmental sustainability 
3.2.4 Types of sustainability 
3.2.5 Indigenous management of natural resources 
3.2.6 Environmental planning in indigenous territories 
3.3 Research questions 
4 Theoretical framework 
4.1 Institutional design principles 
4.2 The social-ecological systems framework 
4.3 Indigenous planning principles 
4.4 Dissertation’s approach 
5 Methodology 
5.1 Research design 
5.1.1 Case study research 
5.1.2 Unit of analysis and type of case study 
5.1.3 Research design limitations 
5.2 Methods 
5.2.1 Document analysis 
5.2.2 Interviews 
5.2.3 Qualitative observations 
6 Study area: variables in the social-ecological system framework 
6.1 Social, economic and political settings; related ecosystems 
6.1.1 Economic development; demographic trends; political stability; climate patterns; pollution patterns; flows into and out of focal SES 
6.1.2 External governance systems 
6.2 Resource systems 
6.2.1 Sector; clarity of systems’ boundaries; size of resource system; location. 
6.2.2 Human constructed facilities 
6.2.3 Equilibrium properties (stable state). 
6.2.4 Predictability of system dynamics
6.3 Actors 
6.3.1 History or past experiences 
6.3.2 Number of relevant actors; socioeconomic attributes; social capital 
6.3.3 Location; knowledge of SES (mental models) 
6.3.4 Technologies available 
6.4 Governance systems 
6.4.1 Indigenous organisation; network structure 
6.4.2 Property rights systems 
6.5 Action situations 
6.5.1 Harvesting; importance of resource 
6.5.2 Information sharing 
6.5.3 Conflicts 
6.5.4 Investment activities 
6.5.5 Lobbying activities 
6.5.6 Networking activities 
7 The relation between humans and territory 
7.1 The period before the titling of the resguardo 
7.1.1 Salia customary rules 
7.1.2 Design principles in the customary arrangement 
7.2 The period after the titling of the resguardo 
7.2.1 Organisational structures 
7.2.2 Authorities in El Duya 
7.2.3 Rules for natural resources appropriation 
7.3 Drivers of institutional transformation 
7.3.1 Design principles in El Duya 
7.3.2 Robustness of the SES 
8 Environmental planning in indigenous territories 
8.1 Spatial environmental planning in Colombia 
8.2 Planning in El Duya 
8.3 Oil exploration and extraction concerning El Duya 
8.3.1 Projects of interest for El Duya 
8.3.2 Authority over activities related to hydrocarbons 
8.4 Environmental sustainability: multiple understandings 
8.4.1 State view: a blurry concept
8.4.2 Indicators for environmental sustainability 
8.4.3 The ecological function of property 
8.4.4 Indigenous view: ‘pervivencia’ 
9 Autonomy over ecosystems in El Duya
9.1 Distribution of powers with regard to ecosystems in El Duya 
9.2 Authority exercise over ecosystems in El Duya 
9.3 Decision-making and agency over ecosystems in El Duya 
9.4 Indigenous territorial autonomy in El Duya 
10 Discussion of results 
10.1 Human-nature relations in El Duya and institutional change 
10.1.1 Law of origin, Mother Earth and indigenous ontologies 
10.1.2 Salia institutions and change 
10.1.3 Interpreting institutional design principles 
10.2 Environmental planning: a question of institutional jurisdiction 
10.2.1 Indigenous planning, order and territory 
10.2.2 Salia way of planning 
10.2.3 Looking after the territory 
10.2.4 Indigenous jurisdiction and extractive industries 
10.2.5 The concept of environmental sustainability in indigenous territories 
10.3 Territorial autonomy: the need for further conceptualisation 
10.3.1 Authority and decision-making as a component of autonomy 
10.3.2 Indigenous territorial autonomy in Colombia 
10.3.3 Planning and autonomy 
11 Conclusions 
11.1 Human relationship with the territory 
11.2 Indigenous environmental planning 
11.3 Indigenous territorial autonomy and nature 
11.4 Contributions to environmental sustainability 
11.5 Further research
12 References 
13 Appendices 
13.1 Appendix A 
13.2 Appendix B 
13.3 Appendix C 
13.4 Appendix D
13.5 Appendix E 
13.6 Appendix F 
13.7 Appendix G
13.8 Appendix H